1) Trauma and point tenderness at carpal bones (occult fractures identified by MRI, CT, or bone scan)
2) Trauma and tenderness at anatomic snuff box (scaphoid fracture)
3) Remote history of trauma and anatomic snuffbox tenderness OR point tenderness at hypothenar eminence just distal to the flexion crease of the wrist (nonunion of scaphoid or hook of hamate)
4) Repetitive trauma and point tenderness at anatomic snuffbox OR at a point just proximal to the flexion crease of the wrist and distal to the ulna (avascular necrosis of scaphoid – Preiser’s disease or lunate – Kienbock’s disease)
5) Ulnar wrist pain, pain out of proportion to the injury, weakness after a fall on outstretched hand, point tenderness at the hollow between the pisiform and the ulnar styloid, McMurray test positive (Put the hand into ulnar deviation, and make triquetrum slide over the head of the ulna by moving triquetrum up and down, which causes a pain or crepitus or click), supination lift test positive (ask the patient to keep hand flat palm down on the table and stand, pain weakness is a positive test), (triangular fibrocartilage complex injury, MRI diagnostic)
6) Trauma and wrist pain and instability with radioulnar grind test (compress and rotate the distal radioulnar joint, Xray widened distal radioulnar joint space)
7) Trauma, wrist pain, point tenderness at the mid carpal region, painful and audible click with ulcer deviation (Carpal instability)
8) Trauma, point tenderness at the scapholunate interval (Scapholunate dissociation)
9) Acute injury to the wrist, excessive extension, ulnar or radial deviation, axial loading causes clicks, lunotriquetral shear test positive (Pronate the hand palm downwards, apply downward force over triquetrum just beyond the ulnar styloid, while exerting a palmar force upwards over lunate at the distal palmar crease),