1)      Migraine – blurred vision lasting a few hrs as a typical aura of migraine

2)      TIA’s – recurrent brief episodes

3)      Refractive errors – bilateral, gradual onset, painless, distance-dependent, pinhole-corrected blurred vision, myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness),  astigmatism and presbyopia  

4)      Visual fatigue – intensive use of eyes, visual display terminal  workers, Tx – visual ergonomics, proper vision care

5)      Foreign body in the eye – eye pain, tearing, red eye, scratchy sensation on eye movements, blurred vision, vision loss, conjunctival or subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyphema, corneal abrasions treated with antibiotic creams and analgesics, any injury other than simple corneal abrasion requires ophthalmologist referral

6)      Chemical Splashes -  Irrigate the eye with normal saline 1 liter, topical anesthetic eye drops, tetanus prophylaxis, ophthalmologist  referral within 24 hrs in all except minor chemical burns without vision effects

7)      Arc eye or Welder’s Flashburn – UV radiation due to unprotected welding or severe sun exposure, usually present within few hrs of exposure, red, painful, tearing eyes, light sensitivity, blurred vision, Tx – atropine eye drops to relax the eye muscles and relieve pain, padded dressing to cover the eyes, antibiotic eye drops, review within 24-48 hrs to check on healing, ophthalmologist referral if severe (determined by the degree of pain and loss of vision)

8)      Amaurosis Fugax – transient, monocular, partial blindness lasting few seconds to 2 hrs., carotid doppler ultrasound to see carotid stenosis, ECHO of heart to see any valvular dysfunction, Tx – management of TIA