1)      Cyclical nasal obstruction – unilateral, alternating nasal obstruction lasting 1-4 hrs., Tx nasal steroid sprays

2)      Positional nasal obstruction – unilateral, dependent nostril block, Tx nasal steroid sprays

3)      Allergic rhinitis – recurrent attacks of nasal block, watery nasal discharge, itchy nose, itchy eyes, nose and throat, pale boggy nasal mucosa early stages, hyperemic and granular in chronic conditions, Tx with steroid nasal sprays, antihistamines, cromolyn sodium nasal solution, antileukotrienes

4)      Infectious rhinitis

5)      Atrophic rhinitis

6)      Vasomotor rhinitis

7)      Metabolic/Endocrine causes – pregnancy, menses, OC, hypothyroidism, DM, Tx with saline nasal sprays

8)      Polyps – allergy, chronic sinusitis, recurrent sinus infections,

9)      Drug-induced nasal obstruction

10)    Deviated septum

11)    Perforated septum – nasal trauma, frequent nose picking, nasal surgery, excessive nasal crusting, foul smell crusting, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, inspiratory nasal whistle, septal perforation, otolaryngology referral

12)    Septal hematoma/abscess – nasal septal surgery, nasal trauma, nasal obstruction, septal swelling, nasal pain, fever, otolaryngology referral

13)    Nasal valve collapse – commonest cause is septal deviation, aging, nasal valve scarring, nostril collapse in respiration,

14)    Turbinate Hypertrophy – longstanding allergic rhinitis, vasoconstrictor nasal drops abuse, persistent nasal obstruction, nasal obstruction unrelieved by nasal vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, if no response for steroid nasal drops otolaryngology referral

15)    Adenoid hypertrophy

16)    Nasal polyps

17)    Neoplasm