1)      Drug-induced water retention – use of NSAIDs, prednisolone, dexamethasone,  estrogen, vasodilators, calcium antagonists,

2)      Premenstrual tension syndrome

3)      Pregnancy

4)      Hypothyroidism –

5)      Idiopathic edema – females, periodic episodes of generalized body swelling, usually accompanied by abdominal distension, orthostatic water retention (as demonstrated by several hours of standing causes body weight to rise by several pounds),

6)      CCF -  dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, generalized edema, JVP elevation, heart enlargement, gallop rhythm, basal lung crepts, liver enlargement,

7)      Alcoholic liver disease