BIOSOFT HELP FILES

GLOSSARY (DONE)

Acanthosis - This is a common feature seen in obese persons where there is blackening of arm pits and groins and neck

Allodynia - pain produced by mere touch sensation

Amblyopia - Is also called lazy eye which moves in or out when the good eye tends to look at things. Usually causes reduced vision

Anisometropia - Unequal focus between the two eyes causing poor vision

Ankle brachial index - The difference in the blood pressure of the ankle and the upper arm. This is measured by a hand held doppler scanner

Anticoagulants concurrent use - Anticoagulants are blood thinners - warfarin, enoxaprin

Amenorrhea - absence of menses/periods

Astigmatism - Astigmatism means both distant and near vision are blurry

Asplenia - This is disease state characterized by the absence of spleen or failure of spleen to carry out its normal tasks

Borborygmi - rumbling noises from the stomach

BRCA  - BRCA is a gene which causes cancer in the females

Breast Biopsy - A piece of tissues from the breast is taken examined under microscope to look for evidence of disease

CAC score high - Coronary Artery Calcium score is a measure of calcification of coronary arteries which are the main blood supply for the heart. This assessment is done by CT scan of the heart

Cochlear implants - Hearing aid inserted by ENT surgeon to improve hearing problems

Coronary Artery Disease - This refers to all the diseases of the heart brought on by the blocking of the coronary artery.
Coronary artery is the main blood supply for the heart. When this is blocked one gets the commonly known diseases like heart attack, heart failure, angina etc. However you may have to know that you can still have coronary disease even without you having suffered from any of these known diseases. That means it can be silent and can cause you sudden death which anyway can be thought of as another manifestation of coronary artery disease

Catastrophizing - to consider the most dangerous and sinister disease rather than a common disease which is harmless. For instance when you get a headache you may think of brain tumor rather than a simple tension headache

Coitus - act of sexual intercourse
Colicky - is a description of pain where the intensity increases and decreases as in waves
Concurrent - happening together
Covary - two events happening together and change also together
Defecation - act of passing stools

Diabetes Gestational - A pregnant mother formerly without diabetes becoming a diabetic patient during pregnancy

Diabetes Mellitus - Is the full qualified name for diabetes. Diabetes comes in two forms called Type 1 or Insulin Dependent Diabetes and Type 2 diabetes or non-Insulin dependent diabetes

Diabetes Pregestational - A pregnant mother who had diabetes before becoming pregnant

Dog bites
"Major DOG BITES",
a. Single or multiple bites with bleeding on head, neck, face, chest, upper arms, palms, tips of fingers, toes and genitalia
b. Single or multiple deep bites with free flowing of blood on any part of the body
c. Multiple deep scratches with free flowing of blood on the head, neck and face
d. Contamination of mucous membranes with saliva
e. Bites of wild animals with bleeding
"Minor DOG BITES",
a. Single, superficial bite with oozing of blood or scratches with bleeding on any part of the body
b. Multiple scratches with oozing of blood on any part of the body
c. Nibbling of uncovered skin
d. Contamination of open wounds with saliva
e. Superficial bites and scratches of wild animals without bleeding

Differential Diagnosis - These are the diseases a doctor thinks of when you present with any given symptom. They are not what you are suffering from. You are having a diagnosis or a disease diagnosed by your physician.

Disability - The degree to which a persons daily functioning is less. 100% disability means a person is not doing anything which that person is supposed to do in the roles of a husband, wife, employer, employee, son, daughter, student etc. 0% disability is the person is normal. 50% disability means the persons is doing only 1/2 of what that person is used to do.

Dysmorphic features - Dysmorphic features are the obvious abnormalities seen in patients like fingers glued together,
webs in the neck, squints, tongue tie etc.

Disabling - interferes with day to day work and tasks

Disease

This is the named entity like pneumonia, COVID 19 etc. It is something which has a structure, form and effects on the human body. It can be seen, touched and felt. Contrast this with illness. See under illness.

ENT - Ear nose throat
Epigastrium - pit of the stomach
Extension - bending backwards
Eructation - symptom where you tend to burp

Esophageal - related to gullet

Farsightedness
Near vision is poor with normal distant vision

FDBR
First Degree Biologic Relatives. These are relationships confined to direct descendants or parents

Flatus - passing wind from the rectum

Flexion - bending forward
GC - Gonococcus bacteria which causes gonorrhea which is a disease passed through sexual contact
GERD - is a disease call Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease where your stomach contents backflows into the gullet. Usually this mentioned in the Endoscopy reports you may have as GERD or GORD

H. pylori infection
This is an infection seen when you are having gastric problems

Handicap
The degree to which a persons social life is less. 100% handicap means a person is not doing anything which that person
formerly dis like social interactions, leisure activity, hobbies, mixing with people in the society out of the roles of family, job
and education. 0% impairment is the person is normal. 50% impairment means the person is doing only 1/2 of what that person is used to do.

Healthcare Professionals
GP is a General practitioner, FP is a Family Physician, PCP is a primary care physician and most of the other specialists probably you know already. MOH is Medical Officer of Health, PHN Public Health Nurse, PHM is Public Health Midwife, PHI Public Health Inspector. These healthcare professionals are the accepted
FRONT LINE HEALTHCARE WORKERS anywhere in the world.

Heart disease chronic
These include common diseases known as heart failure, heart attack, angina, myocardial infarction, heart enlargement, atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation

Hereditary diseases
Hereditary diseases are those diseases which are determined by abnormalities in genes and run in the family. Examples are thalassemia, Down syndrome,

Homocysteine level high
This is an amino acid which occurs in the body as an intermediate product in the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. Problem with high homocysteine is that it can damage the inner lining of the blood vessels and also can make blood thicker which can cause clot formation in the vessels. Cause of high homocysteine levels are poor diet, poor lifestyle especially smoking and high coffee and alcohol intake, some prescription drugs, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and poor thyroid function.

hs-CRP level high
This is a blood test to detect high risk status for a heart attack

Hypercholesterolemia
High cholesterol levels in blood

Hyperalgesia - exaggerated pain from mild pain stimulus

Hypercoagulability
This is a state where your blood is thicker than usual and this occurs when blood clotting factors are high in the blood. In this state pulmonary embolism, venous blood clots, blood clot formation are known to occur commonly and cause rapid and acute onset diseases

Hyperlipidemia
High lipids in the blood and the lipids are cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,

Hypertension
High blood pressure

Illness - is your experience of a disease. Usually it comprises symptoms but you may also complain of the disability and handicap. See under disability and handicap. People come to us with illness experience. Doctors are taught to unravel the disease from the illness.

Impairment
The degree to which a person is suffering from a disease. 100% impairment means very severe disease, 50% impairment moderately severe disease, 25% impairment mild disease.

Immunocompetent
Immunocompetence means one is able to fight back infections and allergens as usual. Many diseases and drugs can cause immuno incompetence. If you are a healthy adult with perfect mental health and not on alcohol nor on any drugs then most probably you are immunocompetent.

Immunodeficiency
A disease state where the ability to fight back infections is lost. The opposite state or the normal state is called immunocompetence

Insomnia - lack of sleep

Intermenstrual - in between two monthly menses
IP - Incubation Period. This is the duration between entry of a germ into the body and the first manifestation of any symptoms
IVS - irritative voiding syndrome - a diagnosis made by the system

Laxative overuse - use of stool softeners for constipation

Malaise - Feeling sick, out of sorts and not normal

Lipoprotein a level high
A blood test to detect high fat levels in the blood

Mammogram abnormality
Mammogram is a Xray like investigation done on the female breasts to visualize the soft tissues and thus to diagnose early breast cancer

Media Opacity
There is a visible opacity in the eye

Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is present if three or more of the following five criteria are met :
waist circumference 40" or more in men or 35" in women, blood pressure above 130/85 mmHg,
fasting triglyceride (TG) level above 150 mg/dl, fasting high-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol
level below 40 mg/dl in men or 50 mg/dl in women and fasting blood sugar over 100 mg/dl

Multifetal pregnancy
A pregnancy with twins or more babies in the uterus

MUS -Medically Unexplained Symptoms. These are the symptoms you experience which your attending doctors cannot explain by doing tests and scans etc

NED/MD - Nearly Every Day/Most of the day - an expression detailing your symptom

Neurocognitive impairments
Any problem with memory, language, thinking or judgment which affect one's day to day living and affairs

Nodules - small lumps

OTC - over the counter drugs. Drugs which can be bought from a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription

PCOS - diagnosis made by Gynecologists - Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome. PCOS or Polycystic ovary syndrome affect ovaries. It causes irregular periods, excess body hair in women, bubbly appearance of ovaries

PCT or Primary Care Therapeutics
This is a series of steps taken by primary care physicians to effect the process of healing in the patients who consult them at the community

Platelet aggregation inhibitor use
Commonly used class of drugs which include aspirin, persantin, clopidogrel, dipyramidole

Post exposure prophylaxis
Vaccination done after exposure to a known infection and before the infection manifests in the patient. Post exposure prophylaxis prevents the disease in the prospective client

Primary Care Physician
Primary care physician is the doctor whom you can see for majority of your health care needs and a doctor who will see you WHATEVER the disease, symptom, age or your sex is. They also help you to integrate your care. Care integration include care continuity and care coordination with comprehensiveness. Comprehensive care is just what we said. Care continuity and care coordination are terms applied for the healthcare which is very complex and mostly focused on Non communicable diseases and other chronic diseases.

Pulmonary embolism

Means a blood clot is formed in the blood somewhere in the body and mostly in the legs and it is passed through from the heart to the lungs

Pelvic pain - pain on the lower abdomen, groin, genital area, buttocks and around the hips

Perseveration - act of repetition without a reason

Postprandial - after meals

Renal disease chronic
Chronic kidney diseases resulting in kidney failure

Repetitive strain injury - any pain coming after repeated movements done for a given task

Reproductive age - age from puberty until menopause

Satellite points - similar areas around

Sexual behaviors high risk

Having multiple sex partners, having sex with a person who is having multiple partners, sex for money, sex for drugs, sex with potential physical injury

Shortsightedness
Near vision is normal with distant vision poor

Splenectomy
A surgery where the spleen is removed

STI - class of diseases called Sexually Transmitted Infections passed through sexual contact. Sexually Transmitted Infections are a collection of diseases caused by infectious agents being transmitted from sexual contact.

Susceptibility for infection
Susceptibility for any infection mentioned in this app means contacts with cases, exposed to infected patients, un-vaccinated, partially vaccinated, unknown vaccination status,

Stomach abnormality negative - This is mentioned in the Endoscopy report you get after a tube is passed down your throat

Test - names ae given. Most of the time they mentioned in your reports.
Testes - male genitals inside the scrotum
Thoracic spine - part of the spine from shoulder blades up to the hip region

Timed up and go test positive
The Timed Up and Go test (TUG)
This is a no cost test done measure mobility which is a very costly affair in terms of health care. It is simply the time it takes
a person to rise from a chair and walk upto 3 meters and take a 180 degree turn and come back to the chair and then turn 180
degrees and sit in the chair. The test is done with all the usual aids a person use for walking if they are used. Time less than
10 secs normal, 11-20 secs frailty, More than 20 means needs assistance and more than 30 means high risk for falls

Trigger points - touching one point in a muscle cause severe pain to spread around

Urethral discharge - discharge coming from the urinary passages

Venous blood clots
See under hypercoagulability